Demonstration by the Polish trade union Solidarnosc in the pilgrimage city of Tschenstochau (Poland). The illegal trade union Solidarnosc grew into a mass movement that could no longer be stopped.
Quelle: AP Photo

Netzwerke

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In the second half of the 1980s, the number of opposition groups grew. They were increasingly organised at national level and formed networks. Up until 1989, more than ten such activist groupings had developed, connecting several hundred groups. Environmental groups worked together in the network Ark, while peace groups were linked up via Concrete Peace. Conscientious objectors were also active nationwide.

Opposition groups in the GDR
Quelle: Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft/Graphik eckedesign
The Friends of Conscientious Objectors, active across the GDR since 1986, at the Peace Workshop at East Berlin’s Church of the Redeemer, 1988. The conscientious objectors called for the right to refuse national service. There was no alternative community service in the GDR, and refusal of military service was punishable by imprisonment.
Quelle: Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft/Siegbert Schefke/RHG_Fo_SiSch_01_093-23
Meeting of the group Concrete Peace, February 1987. This network was founded in 1983 and discussed political aspects of peace work. Many of the participants later became key players in the 1989 revolution: Hans-Jochen Tschiche, Rudi Pahnke, Rainer Eppelmann (1st row, l.-r.), Heino Falcke (1st row, 2nd from r.) and Bishop Johannes Hempel (r.)
Quelle: epd-bild/Bernd Bohm
Protest action at the closing event of the church congress in Berlin’s Wuhlheide Park, June 1987. Members of the group Open Work from the Protestant churches called for glasnost (openness) and democracy in the East German church and state.
Quelle: Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft/Siegbert Schefke/RHG_Fo_SiSch_01_027-07
Critique at the East Berlin church congress, June 1987. Members of the Church from Below called for the Protestant church to take more offensive action against conditions in the GDR and support dissident issues.
Quelle: Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft/Siegbert Schefke/RHG_Fo_SiSch_01_026-06
Founding meeting of the Green Ecological Network Ark in East Berlin, January 1988. The Ark network campaigned against the destruction of the East German environment, with groups from across the country joining. Contacts also developed to Western and Eastern Europe.
Quelle: Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft/Siegbert Schefke
Meetings of the Working Circle Solidaristic Church were used to exchange information. In January 1989 the Berlin regional group set up an “information kiosk” where opposition groups could present their magazines at regular intervals.
Quelle: Joachim Goertz

Im Mittelpunkt ihrer Arbeit steht der Austausch von Informationen. Durch engere persönliche Kontakte sind DDR-weite Solidaritätsaktionen schnell möglich, wenn Oppositionelle verhaftet werden. In Seminaren und anderen Veranstaltungen wird über gemeinsame Ziele diskutiert und Argumentation in freier Rede geübt. Trotz überregionaler Verflechtungen arbeiten die Gruppen weiter selbstständig. Die fehlende zentrale Struktur und ihre Spontaneität machen es der Staatssicherheit schwer, die wachsende Bewegung zu kontrollieren und einzudämmen.

Arche Nova was the magazine of the Green Ecological Network Ark. It was produced using the modest means of the underground press but reached a large number of readers. Well-researched articles reported on environmental damage in the GDR and actions by the environmental movement.
Quelle: Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft
Appeal for social dialogue by the Thuringian Working Circle Solidaristic Church dated February 1988. The working circle was founded in 1986 and active across the GDR. Its members were mainly church employees who voiced criticism of the church and the state and supported political prisoners.
Quelle: Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft
Appeal for social dialogue by the Thuringian Working Circle Solidaristic Church dated February 1988. The working circle was founded in 1986 and active across the GDR. Its members were mainly church employees who voiced criticism of the church and the state and supported political prisoners.
Quelle: Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft
[Translate to Türkisch:] Erklärung zum Ungarn-Aufstand 1956. Die Initiative Frieden und Menschenrechte sucht das Bündnis mit den Dissidenten der osteuropäischen Staaten. Gezielt werden die Westmedien für eine systematische Öffentlichkeitsarbeit genutzt.
Quelle: Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft
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